वलोबेशे टौमी केनो--nasir

The normal eye

The normal eye :
- Anterior length 24 mm
-Volume 6.5cc
-Weight 7 gm
- IOP 7-21 mm of Hg
- Circumference 75 mm
- Blinking rate 18 times/minute
-Visual acuity distance 6/6, near N5
- At birth refractive error +2 -- +3 DS
- Total power of the eye
- Dioptic power of the cornea +43 DS
- Diameter 11- 12 mm
- Pupil size 2.5 – 3.0 mm

Common abbreviation used in ophthalmology and optometry--01

Vision and refraction :
NPA—Near Point of Accommodation
NPC—Near Point of Convergence
D--Diopter
AL--Axial Length
LVA --Low Vision Aid
Sph--Spherical
Cyl--Cylindrical
AR--Anti-Reflecting
PAL—Progressive Addition Lens
IPD—Inter Pupillary Distance
FR—Far Point
VR—Vertex Distance
RE—Refractive Error
VA—Visual Acuity
BSB—Binocular Single Vision
PL—Perception of Light
PR—Projection of Rays
CF—Counting Finger
NPL—No Perception of Light
HM—Hand Movement
OD—Oculus Dexter ( right eye)
OS—Oculus Sinister ( left eye)
OU—Oculi Uterique ( both eye)
cc—cum correctore ( with correctors)
sc—sine correctore ( without correctors)
VR—Vertex Distance
SHA—Simple Hyperopic Astigmatism
CHA—Compound Hyperopic Astigmatism
Mix-A—Mixed Astigmatism
S—Sphere
C—Cylinder
X—Axis
VEP—Visual Evoked Potential
WD—Working Distance
CSF—Contrast sensitivity Function
SMA—Simple Myopic Astigmatism
CMA—Compound Myopic Astigmatism
PH—Pin Hole
P—Pupil

amar ekta sathi chio-- s d rubel